Pavement design road surface transportation engineering. The major change is how the details of the traffic load distribution tld are used as design inputs. Chapter 12 gives 3 simple applications on an elastic subgrade. Pavement design in road construction design parameters. Since this calculation is based on assumed traffic flows, growth predictions and traffic mix it must be understood that these three parameters are totally outside the control of the pavement engineer. Dec 01, 2011 the aashto guide for design of pavement structures 1993 uses standard axle load of 80. The results of asphalt pavement design obtained using the modified axle load conversion formulas increase the thickness and whole strength of the asphalt pavement structure. For highways the maximum legal axle load in india, specified by irc, is 10 tonnes. It is a single axle load with dual wheel carrying 80 kn load and the design of pavement is based on the standard axle load. Design period or design life of a pavement is the period of time for which the initially. Design, types, flexible and rigid pavement, notes and functions.
Standard specification for urban infrastructure works 47 edition 1, revision 02 oct 2010. Standard axle load single axle, dual wheels source. Dec 18, 2014 the maximum allowable axle load limit is referred to as legal axle load limit. Pavement design is primarily a matter of sound application of acceptable engineering criteria and standards. Traffic volume is calculated from a known or estimated volume of commercial vehicles cv and axle load spectrum. Jan 09, 2008 a comprehensive, stateoftheart guide to pavement design and materials.
Design by a certified geotechnical engineer is required. To design a pavement section the damage caused by all axle loads that will be applied. Wsdot pavement guide interactive cdrom 9 kips 9 kips. The number and weight of all axle loads from the anticipated vehicles expected during the pavement design life expressed in 18kip 80 kn equivalent single axle. For many years, standard california bearing ratio cbr tests were utilized. Nov 26, 2011 vehicle classification for pavement design 51. Pavement thickness must be designed to withstand the anticipated traffic, categorized by type and weight of vehicles, and measured by average daily volume adv of each type for the design life of the pavement. This manual is not a textbook or a substitute for engineering. Pavement design manual alaska department of transportation. Modification and application of axle load conversion. Gott a statistical approach was used to characterize axle loads of heavy vehicles for use in highway pavement design and performance analysis. Country tandem axle load tonnes tridim axle load tonnes max permissableto ns single axle loadstons india 19 24 45 10. These lefs are based on loss of pavement serviceability index psi, and were developed for a limited number of pavement and axle types, load magnitudes, load applications, age and.
Aashto load equivalency factors for rigid pavements based on terminal serviceability index of 2. It should be noted that esals as calculated by the esal equations are dependent upon the pavement type flexible or rigid and the pavement structure structural number for flexible and slab depth for rigid. Equivalent standard axle first principles global road. The pavement structural section shall, in no case, be less than the requirements shown in 5 above. It is a single axle load with dual wheel carrying 80 kn load and the design of. The maximum allowable axle load limit is referred to as legal axle load limit. Nearly onethird or onehalf of the total cost of construction, so careful consideration should be taken in design of pavement. Lecture notes on the design of flexible pavements eapa. Base material shall be manufactured from hard, durable stone or recycled building materials free of clay lumps, organic matter and other deleterious substances. The cumulative number of standard axles to be catered for in the design life in.
A practical approach to design is to establish a street classification system that provides an axle load distribution for the various categories of streets. Fs f sf ford excursion dn f dn m s m sm mazda miata dn f dn. Average estimates obtained at several locations have been. Previously, guidance for pavement design activities was included in the materials preliminary engineering and design manual.
For most pavements, the magnitude of the axle load is of greater importance than the gross. Converts wheel loads of various magnitudes and repetitions mixed traffic to an equivalent number of standard or equivalent loads based on the amount of damage they do to the pavement commonly used standard load is the 18,000 lb. Pavement design deterioration and maintenance of pavements. With innovations ranging from the advent of superpave, the data generated by the long term pavement performance ltpp project, to the recent release of the mechanisticempirical pavement design guide developed under nchrp study 7a, the field of pavement engineering is experiencing significant. Estimation of axle loads of heavy vehicles for pavement studies t.
Cut across the e sb cut across m r to the tl vertically meet other line read kvalue k600pci topic 10 aashto rigid pavement design figure 12. This information sheet has divided city street pavements into six street classifications. Pdf road geometric design suitable for sudan find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. With innovations ranging from the advent of superpave, the data generated by the longterm pavement performance ltpp project, to the recent release of the mechanisticempirical pavement design guide developed under nchrp study 7a, the field of pavement engineering is experiencing significant development. Modification and application of axle load conversion formula. Pavement design is the major component in the road construction. However, reorganizational changes have resulted in a decision to issue this guidance as a standalone document under. Generally speaking, the theory for calculating the load induced wheel loading is detailed using the load damage. Select traffic from standard road descriptions tables 5. It takes advantage of the advances in material mechanics, axleload spectra, and climate data for predicting pavement performance. Determination of design traffic the equivalent standard axle load esal used in this manual is 80 kn, which corresponds to the standard axle load used in the aashto pavement design procedure. Trafficrelated data, which includes axles loads, axle configurations and. Introduction to flexible pavement design ced engineering.
Aggregate interlock is lost when slabs contract and the joints open up. The deformation of pavement due to a single application of axle load may be small but due to repeated application of load there would be accumulation of unrecovered or permanent deformation which results in failure of pavement. The calculation parameters of standard axle load are determined according to table 3. Design load in units of msa not life in units of years in the uk, and many other countries, the standard axle load is 80 kn, so care. The traffic load distribution consists of the frequency distribution of axle group loads. Design chart for composite concrete pavement lean concrete subbase, b2. Thickness is vertical compressive strain comes to the subgrade due to the standard axle laden of magnitude 8.
The reliability of the pavement design performance process is the probability that a pavement section designed using the process will perform satisfactorily over the traffic and environmental conditions for the design period aashto, 1993 1. Pavement design is governed by a number of considerationsfactors, as given below. On the basis of actual axle loads of 12,638 vehicles. The recent version of the asphalt institute manual for mix design 10 recommends design of the.
In undoweled pavements, load transfer is provided by aggregate interlock. The aashto guide for design of pavement structures 1993 uses standard axle load of 80. Accumulates damage contributed by each axle load in the traffic spectrum at each analysis point cumulative damage factor cdf is the sum of damage factors over all the loadings pavement reaches its design life when cdf 1. Use of the 1993 aashto guide, mepdg and historical.
Design chart for composite concrete pavement monolithic with lean concrete lower layer. The design eals represent the equivalent num ber of applications of a standard or base axle load anticipated during the design life. Nov 25, 2014 indian standard code of practice,is 3370 part 1 2 3 4,is 456,sp 16,irc 37 2001,irc 37 2012,is 43,ce 2038,ce 2255,design of pavement,ce 2038 pdf,is 383,irc 65. Total equivalent 18 kip single axle load application 25,000 b. Jan 12, 2016 understanding and adopting this wheel load calculation is focused on the ratio of a nominated wheel loading to the base load for a standard axle as outlined in austroads guide to pavement technology part 2 structural design. Implementation of the aashto pavement design procedures.
Gp2 the pavement design method presented in this manual is the standard for flexible highway pavement designs for. In other words, there must be some assurance that a pavement will perform as intended given. With innovations ranging from the advent of superpave, the data generated by the long term pavement performance ltpp project, to the recent release of the mechanisticempirical pavement design guide developed under nchrp study 7a, the field of pavement engineering is experiencing significant development. Road pavement design guide home kent county council. Axle load analysis for bituminous pavement design youtube. Example winter 2006 cee 320 pavement purpose load support smoothness drainage winter 2006. Irc 372001 guidelines for the design of flexible pavements. The maximum allowed axle load on the roads is called legal axle load. Spring 2007 cee 320 lef example the standard axle weights for a standingroomonly loaded metro articulated bus 60 ft. The 1993 version of aashto guide for design of pavement structures is the basis for developing the modules. Understanding and adopting this wheel load calculation is focused on the ratio of a nominated wheel loading to the base load for a standard axle as outlined in austroads guide to pavement technology part 2 structural design. Lef depends on pavement type, structure capacity structure number for flexible pavements and slab thickness for rigid pavements, and the terminal condition that is chosen to define. This factor relates various axle load combinations to the standard 80 kn 18,000 lbs single axle load. However, reorganizational changes have resulted in a decision to issue this guidance as a standalone document under the title of adot pavement design manual.
For jointed concrete pavements, regardless of whether reinforced or nonreinforced, the aashtoodot method of pavement design calculates the same. The austroads pavement structural design guide has undergone a major revision that was released in december 2017. Is the empirical process used for the design thickness of granular pavements with thin bituminous surfacings. Using systematic indices to relate traffic load spectra to.
Kentucky has been estimating design eals since adopting the load equivalency con cept in the mid1940 s 1. A comprehensive, stateoftheart guide to pavement design and materials. Design traffic esals esals is the estimate of number of equivalent 18 kip single axle loads esals during the analysis period is required. Equivalent edge stress factor depends on percent of trucks at edge. A comprehensive, stateoftheart resource on pavement design and materials. The 1970 and 1984 versions of the guidelines were based on empirical experience based approach. Equivalent axle load factors for design of rigid pavements.
Since the current tables inception in 1992, changes in materials, mix. The current aashto pavement design guide converts different axle load configurations to a standard axle load 18 kips using load equivalency factors lefs. Implementation of the aashto pavement design procedures into. Dc to richmond road in 1919 from the asphalt institute. Transportation criteria manual section 3 pavement design. Is based on a single axle dual tire sadt exhibiting a force of 80kn or 8t standardises various axle configurations and loads. Minimum structural pavement section design requirements. Road pavement design guide 2 use of the design guide and pavement options this document is intended to cover the design of new schemes of any size and reconstruction or. While the standards contained in this manual provide a basis for uniform design practice for typical pavement design situations, precise rules which would apply to all possible situations are impossible to give. The conversion of traffic to the esal is accomplished with the use of axle load equivalency factors. Aashto 1993 and standard pavement engineering textbooks e. Country tandem axle loadtonnes tridim axle loadtonnes max permissableto ns single axle loadstons india 19 24 45 10. Reliability design reliability is defined as the probability that a pavement section will perform satisfactorily over the design period. As a result, we felt that the time was right for recapturing the pavement engineering state of the art in a textbook.